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The Turing Test is obsolete. It’s time to build a new barometer for AI
the alexa turing aisprasad fastcompany This year marks 70 years since Alan Turing published his paper introducing the concept of the Turing Test in response to the question, “Can machines think?” The test’s goal was to determine if a machine can exhibit conversational behavior indistinguishable from a human. Turing predicted that by the year 2000, an average human would have less than a 70% chance of distinguishing an AI from a human in an imitation game where who is responding—a human or an AI—is hidden from the evaluator.
Why haven’t we as an industry been able to achieve that goal, 20 years past that mark? I believe the goal put forth by Turing is not a useful one for AI scientists like myself to work toward. The Turing Test is fraught with limitations, some of which Turing himself debated in his seminal paper. With AI now ubiquitously integrated into our phones, cars, and homes, it’s become increasingly obvious that people care much more that their interactions with machines be useful, seamless and transparent—and that the concept of machines being indistinguishable from a human is out of touch. Therefore, it is time to retire the lore that has served as an inspiration for seven decades, and set a new challenge that inspires researchers and practitioners equally.
THE TURING TEST AND THE POPULAR IMAGINATION
In the years that followed its introduction, the Turing Test served as the AI north star for academia. The earliest chatbots of the ’60s and ’70s, ELIZA and PARRY, were centered around passing the test. As recently as 2014, chatbot Eugene Goostman declared that it had passed the Turing Test by tricking 33% of the judges that it was human. However, as others have pointed out, the bar of fooling 30% of judges is arbitrary, and even then the victory felt outdated to some.
Still, the Turing Test continues to drive popular imagination. OpenAI’s Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) language model has set off headlines about its potential to beat the Turing Test. Similarly, I’m still asked by journalists, business leaders, and other observers, “When will Alexa pass the Turing Test?” Certainly, the Turing Test is one way to measure Alexa’s intelligence—but is it consequential and relevant to measure Alexa’s intelligence that way?
To answer that question, let’s go back to when Turing first laid out his thesis. In 1950, the first commercial computer had yet to be sold, groundwork for fiber-optic cables wouldn’t be published for another four years, and the field of AI hadn’t been formally established—that would come in 1956. We now have 100,000 times more computing power on our phones than Apollo 11, and together with cloud computing and high-bandwidth connectivity, AIs can now make decisions based on huge amounts of data within seconds.
While Turing’s original vision continues to be inspiring, interpreting his test as the ultimate mark of AI’s progress is limited by the era when it was introduced. For one, the Turing Test all but discounts AI’s machine-like attributes of fast computation and information lookup, features that are some of modern AI’s most effective. The emphasis on tricking humans means that for an AI to pass Turing’s test, it has to inject pauses in responses to questions like, “do you know what is the cube root of 3434756?” or, “how far is Seattle from Boston?” In reality, AI knows these answers instantaneously, and pausing to make its answers sound more human isn’t the best use of its skills. Moreover, the Turing Test doesn’t take into account AI’s increasing ability to use sensors to hear, see, and feel the outside world. Instead, it’s limited simply to text.
To make AI more useful today, these systems need to accomplish our everyday tasks efficiently. If you’re asking your AI assistant to turn off your garage lights, you aren’t looking to have a dialogue. Instead, you’d want it to fulfill that request and notify you with a simple acknowledgment, “ok” or “done.” Even when you engage in an extensive dialogue with an AI assistant on a trending topic or have a story read to your child, you’d still like to know it is an AI and not a human. In fact, “fooling” users by pretending to be human poses a real risk. Imagine the dystopian possibilities, as we’ve already begun to see with bots seeding misinformation and the emergence of deep fakes.
NEW MEANINGFUL CHALLENGES FOR AI
Instead of obsessing about making AIs indistinguishable from humans, our ambition should be building AIs that augment human intelligence and improve our daily lives in a way that is equitable and inclusive. A worthy underlying goal is for AIs to exhibit human-like attributes of intelligence—including common sense, self-supervision, and language proficiency—and combine machine-like efficiency such as fast searches, memory recall, and accomplishing tasks on your behalf. The end result is learning and completing a variety of tasks and adapting to novel situations, far beyond what a regular person can do.
The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the apex governing body for the sport of cricket globally. Established to ensure the proper administration and development of cricket, the ICC plays a vital role in shaping the game, promoting international competitions, and fostering cooperation among cricketing nations. In this in-depth exploration of the ICC, we will delve into its history, structure, functions, key tournaments, and its efforts to grow and promote cricket worldwide.
I. The Origins of the International Cricket Council
The ICC’s history dates back to the early 20th century when cricket was played predominantly between England and Australia. The need for a governing body to oversee international matches became apparent as the sport gained popularity in other nations.
II. Foundation and Early Years
The Imperial Cricket Conference (ICC’s original name) was founded in 1909 with England, Australia, and South Africa as its founding members. Initially, the ICC primarily focused on scheduling and organizing Test matches between these countries.
III. Expansion and Renaming
In 1965, the organization expanded its membership, including more cricketing nations, and was subsequently renamed the International Cricket Conference. This expansion marked a significant step towards the globalization of cricket.
IV. The Formation of the International Cricket Council (ICC)
In 1989, the ICC was formally established as the sport’s governing body to oversee all international cricket, with a mandate that extended beyond Test matches to include One Day Internationals (ODIs) and other formats.
V. Structure and Governance of the ICC
The ICC operates under a structured framework that includes a council, committees, and member boards. Understanding its governance is essential to comprehending how decisions are made in international cricket.
VI. ICC Councils and Committees
The ICC is comprised of various councils and committees responsible for specific aspects of the game. These include the Executive Board, the Chief Executives’ Committee, and various cricket-specific committees.
VII. The Role of Member Boards
Member boards from cricket-playing nations play a crucial role in the ICC’s decision-making process. They represent their respective countries and are vital in shaping the future of the sport.
VIII. ICC’s Regulatory and Development Functions
The ICC’s responsibilities extend to both regulating the game and promoting its growth. This dual role requires a multifaceted approach to ensure cricket thrives worldwide.
IX. Promoting and Developing Cricket Globally
One of the ICC’s primary objectives is to expand the reach of cricket beyond traditional strongholds. Initiatives to promote cricket in non-traditional markets and developing cricketing infrastructure are central to this mission.
X. Key ICC Tournaments
The ICC organizes and sanctions numerous international tournaments, some of which are the most prestigious in the world of cricket. These tournaments capture the hearts of fans and showcase the best talent in the game.
1. ICC Cricket World Cup
The Cricket World Cup is the pinnacle of One Day International cricket, attracting global attention every four years. It features the world’s top teams competing for the coveted trophy.
2. ICC T20 World Cup
The T20 World Cup, introduced in 2007, has become a marquee event in the cricketing calendar. The fast-paced and dynamic T20 format has garnered a massive following.
3. ICC Champions Trophy
The Champions Trophy is another prestigious ODI tournament that brings together top cricketing nations in a competitive and limited-overs format.
4. ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup
The ICC also promotes women’s cricket through the Women’s Cricket World Cup, showcasing the talents of female cricketers on the global stage.
XI. The Impact of Technology on Cricket
The ICC has embraced technological advancements to enhance the accuracy of decision-making during matches. The Decision Review System (DRS) and Hawk-Eye technology are prime examples.
XII. Challenges and Controversies
Like any international sports body, the ICC has faced challenges and controversies, including issues related to governance, match-fixing, and disputes among member boards.
XIII. ICC’s Role in Cricket Diplomacy
Cricket has often been used as a diplomatic tool, and the ICC plays a role in facilitating cricketing ties between nations, sometimes in the midst of political tensions.
XIV. Future Initiatives and Expanding Horizons
The ICC continually seeks ways to innovate and grow the sport, exploring new markets, formats, and promotional strategies.
XV. Conclusion
The International Cricket Council stands as the custodian of the world’s second-most popular sport, with a mandate to govern, promote, and develop cricket across the globe. Its journey from humble beginnings to a global powerhouse reflects the enduring popularity and impact of cricket. As the sport continues to evolve, the ICC remains at the forefront, ensuring cricket’s future is as vibrant as its storied past.
Citizen-Run Media:Empowering Voices for a New Era of Journalism has become a strong and important force in a society where mainstream media predominates. This 2000 word essay analyzes the interesting world of citizen-run media, looking at its history, significance, difficulties, and potential. You’ll have a thorough knowledge of how regular people are changing the media environment after this adventure is over.
Citizens’ media, sometimes known as “grassroots media,” has become quite popular in recent years. It symbolizes a departure from conventional journalism by giving everyday people control over the broadcast of information.
The Birth of Citizen-Run Media
The idea of citizen journalism is not wholly new. It has its roots in the early days of the internet, when online forums and blogs were used as venues for people to express their opinions. However, the social media revolution was when citizen-run media really took off.
The Power of Social Media
People now have an unmatched chance to share news, ideas, and stories with a worldwide audience thanks to social media sites like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Citizen journalists have emerged as a result of the democratization of information, reporting on current events from their particular viewpoints.
The Impact of Citizen-Run Media
Breaking News Faster
News stories are frequently reported faster by citizen-run media than by established channels. Information travels quickly because eyewitnesses record occurrences on their smartphones and post them online. Because of this, we now absorb news in a different way that is more instantaneous and unedited.
Diverse Perspectives
The variety of viewpoints offered by citizen-run media is one of its most important benefits. Citizen journalists come from a variety of experiences and opinions, offering a larger and more inclusive vision of the world whereas traditional media may have biases or restrictions.
Holding the Powerful Accountable
Holding governments and organizations responsible has mostly been made possible by citizen-run media. Now that activists and whistleblowers may expose corruption and injustice without relying on conventional media outlets, accountability and transparency are guaranteed.
Challenges Faced by Citizen-Run Media
Credibility Concerns
Credibility is one of the main issues facing Citizen-Run Media:Empowering Voices for a New Era of Journalism. Making the distinction between trustworthy sources and skewed information is crucial in the age of fake news and disinformation. This is a major obstacle for both producers and users of citizen-run media.
Lack of Resources
The benefit is that traditional media outlets have trained journalists, editors, and fact-checkers at their disposal. Budget constraints frequently affect citizen-run media, which can have an impact on the reliability and quality of reporting.
Legal and Ethical Issues
For citizen journalists, navigating the ethical and legal facets of journalism may be difficult. Avoiding legal concerns requires a thorough understanding of copyright, defamation, and privacy laws.
The Future of Citizen-Run Media
Continued Growth
Citizen-Run Media:Empowering Voices for a New Era of Journalism will continue to exist. This kind of media will keep expanding and changing as long as people have access to the internet and a desire to share their tales.
Collaboration with Traditional Media
We may anticipate increasing cooperation between established media and citizen-run sites. A more complete and accurate image of the world may result from this blending of citizen journalism with traditional media.
Evolving Platforms
It’s conceivable that the platforms utilized for citizen-run media may change. Emerging technologies like augmented reality and virtual reality might offer new platforms for people to share their experiences and narratives.
Conclusion
To sum up, citizen-run media has fundamentally changed how we get news and information. It gives regular people the ability to become journalists, storytellers, and activists, enhancing the media landscape with a variety of viewpoints and voices.
Unique FAQs
- Is citizen-run media reliable?
Citizen-run media varies in reliability. It’s crucial to fact-check and verify information from multiple sources.
- Can anyone become a citizen journalist?
Yes, anyone with access to the internet and a desire to share information can become a citizen journalist.
- How can I support citizen-run media?
You can support citizen-run media by following credible sources, sharing their content, and promoting responsible journalism practices.
- What role does citizen-run media play in social movements?
Citizen-run media often serves as a catalyst for social movements, helping raise awareness and mobilize activists.
- What’s the future of mainstream media in the era of citizen-run media?
Mainstream media will likely adapt by incorporating citizen-run content, recognizing the value of diverse perspectives.
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